India's News Calligraphers Do It on Deadline

The last of a vanishing breed, four write stories in Urdu by hand for , a daily paper in Chennai.
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The Musalmannewspaper, established in 1927. Each page is written in Urdu, a language spoken by a small minority of the city's population.

See related story: A Handwritten Daily Paper in India Faces the Digital Future

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, and has worked at the paper for 20 years.

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is a rare employer in this mostly Muslim city, where women, men, Hindu and Muslim people work side by side.

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office. Urdu was once a hallmark of royalty and upper-crust academics. Here, Imran, a well-known Urdu poet in Chennai, visits to contribute a poem while Begum does her work.

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Begum, a Muslim, and C. Balasubramaniyan, a Hindu, work together despite their different religions This is one of the few places where Hindus and Muslims interact freely in Chennai.

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Begum inspects her finished product. Now the paper will be processed onto a photo negative and mass-produced with a printing press.

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's editor-in-chief, supervises the katibs. He worries his newspaper will die when he does, because his sons aren't interested in carrying on the Urdu calligraphy tradition.

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office.

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Bureau chief Balasubramaniyan discusses the days' stories.

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Begum dons a burqa before leaving the office.

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Hussein, sleeves rolled up, dips his pen in ink.

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's 60-year-old offset printer.

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Begum and Hussein are hard at work on the newspaper.

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Begum checks her calligraphy after completing a handwritten page.

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has used it since it arrived in Chennai by ship.

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Editor-in-chief Fazlulla reviews katib Hussein's work.

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is a beacon of liberalism in the mostly Muslim city of Chennai. Every day, men, women and people of various religions walk through its doorway, reporting to work.

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Shabana Begum finishes a broadsheet that features a photo of the current chief minister of Tamil Nadu.

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Syed Fazlulla checks a photo negative for errors.

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daily paper as it appears just before it is transferred onto printing-press plates. You can see the transparent tape used to line up the calligraphy.